tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5104377891269642492024-02-07T16:35:12.382-08:00KILAS LABORATORIUM KIMIA FARMASI UIIAnonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00447141718562836818noreply@blogger.comBlogger17125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-510437789126964249.post-39774379951760070632014-09-30T01:09:00.002-07:002014-09-30T01:09:57.706-07:00TEORI DASAR SPEKTROFOTOMETRI UV-VIS (diambil dari webnya Shimadzu)<div class="about-page">
<h1 class="page-title word-wrap">
What Is Light</h1>
<div class="support-subcate-link">
UV : <a href="http://www.shimadzu.com/an/uv/support/fundamentals_index.html">Fundamentals of UV-Vis-NIR Spectroscopy</a></div>
<div class="about-page-text word-wrap">
The
question of whether light is wave or particle, throughout history, been
the subject of much debate. It is well known that various theories
developed from Newton's assertion that light is particle and Huygen's
assertion that light is wave. In modern physics, it is now known that;
while light has the wave nature, it also has particle-like properties.
In this article, we will describe the dual nature of light and the
relationship between matter and light absorbance.</div>
</div>
<div class="Article-Set">
<h2 class="Article-Set-subhead">
1. The Dual Nature of Light</h2>
<div class="ParagraphSet">
<h3 class="title word-wrap">
(1) Wave-Like Properties of Light</h3>
<div class="imgsetR" style="width: 250px;">
<img alt="Fig.1 Electric Field and Magnetic Field in Light/Fig.2 Young's Experiment" height="522" src="http://www.shimadzu.com/an/uv/support/fundamentals/qn50420000032zf2-img/qn50420000032zht.gif" width="250" />
</div>
<div class="txt word-wrap">
Although light is generally said to be a
wave, unlike the waves that occur at the surface of a body of water, it
does not require a medium. As shown in Fig.1, light consists of an
electric field and a magnetic field that intersect each other at a right
angle as they move through a vacuum. The distance between successive
peaks of either the electric field or the magnetic field is the
wavelength.<br />
<br />
When handling light, one encounters phenomena that are particular to
waves, such as interference and diffraction. The experiment in which
Young discovered the interference of light and concluded that light was a
waveform is well known. As shown in Fig.2, the monochromatic light
emitted from a light source, L, passes through a single slit, and then
passes through two more slits, S<sub>1</sub> and S<sub>2</sub>. As a
result, interference fringes are observed on the screen at the back as a
pattern of alternating strips of brightness and darkness. This can be
explained by thinking of S<sub>1</sub> and S<sub>2</sub> as light
sources in phase with each other. Waves travel from these light sources
to the screen at the back. At points where the waves are in phase, they
reinforce each other, whereas at points where the waves are out of
phase, they cancel each other out. If one thinks of the surface of this
paper as the surface of a body of water, and the slits as partitions
with holes in them, then waves moving from left to right would behave in
the same way. In this sense, Young's experiment demonstrates the
wave-like nature of light in an intuitive way. Incidentally, the
diffraction grating used in a UV-VIS spectrophotometer creates
monochromatic light using the wave nature that light diffracts and
causes interference.</div>
<br class="clearfloat" />
</div>
<div class="ParagraphSet">
<div class="txt word-wrap">
Light consists of certain types of electromagnetic waves.<br />
Electromagnetic waves are referred to by different names in accordance
with their wavelength, as shown in Fig.3. "Light" usually refers to
electromagnetic waves in the range spanning infrared radiation and
ultraviolet radiation, but in some cases it refers only to visible
light. Light with wavelengths in a range of approximately 400 to 800 nm
is referred to as "visible light", and is the light that we humans can
see with the naked eye.<br />
For example, light with a wavelength of 470 nm is blue, light with a
wavelength of 540 nm is green, and light with a wavelength of 650 nm is
red. Visible light could be described as the kind of light that we
humans are familiar with because of our ability to actually see it.</div>
</div>
<div class="ParagraphSet">
<div class="imgsetL" style="width: 340px;">
<img alt="Fig.3 Classification of Light According to Wavelength" height="147" src="http://www.shimadzu.com/an/uv/support/fundamentals/qn50420000032zf2-img/qn50420000032zi9.gif" width="340" />
<div class="caption word-wrap">
Fig.3 Classification of Light According to Wavelength</div>
</div>
<br class="clearfloat" />
</div>
<div class="ParagraphSet">
<h3 class="title word-wrap">
(2) Particle-Like Properties of Light</h3>
<div class="txt word-wrap">
Next,
let us look at the particle-like behavior of light. Among the
developments that helped identify this behavior was a series of
experiments on the photoelectric effect that were conducted in the late
19th century and the early 20th century.<br />
The results of these experiments could not be explained by considering
light as a wave, but they could be explained by considering it as a
particle. When emphasizing the particle-like aspects of light, the term
"photon" is used.</div>
</div>
<div class="ParagraphSet">
<div class="imgsetR" style="width: 255px;">
<img alt="Fig.4 Concept of Photoelectric Effect" height="188" src="http://www.shimadzu.com/an/uv/support/fundamentals/qn50420000032zf2-img/qn50420000034p6r.gif" width="255" />
<div class="caption word-wrap">
Fig.4 Concept of Photoelectric Effect<sup>3)</sup></div>
</div>
<div class="txt word-wrap">
Fig.4 illustrates the basic concept of
the photoelectric effect, a phenomenon in which electrons are emitted
from a metal surface when light strikes it. The emitted electrons are
called "photoelectrons". Even though no electrons are emitted when
intense light strikes the surface, electrons are emitted when light of a
shorter wavelength strikes the surface. If the wavelength of the light
striking the surface is decreased, the number of electrons emitted does
not change, but the energy of the electrons increases. If the light
striking the surface is intensified, the number of emitted electrons
increases, but the energy of the electrons stays the same. These
phenomena cannot be explained by considering light as a wave, but they
can be explained by considering it as a particle, with electrons being
knocked out by these particles when they strike the metal. In
combination with results of experiments on the Compton effect and other
experiments, the particle-like properties were recognized. Incidentally,
the photomultiplier tube that is used as the detector in UV-VIS
spectrophotometers detects light using the photoelectric effect.<br />
<br />
We have looked at the dual nature of light, with its mixture of
wave-like and particle-like properties. The fact that light has these
two opposing characteristics may seem strange, but this is the way light
is modeled in modern physics.</div>
<br class="clearfloat" />
</div>
</div>
<div class="Article-Set">
<h2 class="Article-Set-subhead">
2. Absorption of Light by Matter</h2>
<div class="ParagraphSet">
<div class="txt word-wrap">
A wide variety of information about a
substance can be obtained by irradiating it with light. With a UV-VIS
spectrophotometer, irradiating a substance with ultraviolet and visible
light makes it possible to obtain information about the electrons in
that substance, and it is even possible to measure its quantity.<br />
<br />
Let us consider the absorption of light by matter. This is closely
related to quantum mechanics. The theory of quantum mechanics was
developed in the early 20th century, and forms part of the basis of
modern physics. Quantum mechanics can be easily understood by comparing
it to Newtonian mechanics.<br />
Broadly speaking, Newtonian mechanics is a theory that relates to the motion of large particles, whereas quantum<br />
mechanics is a theory that relates to the motion of small particles
(e.g., atoms and molecules). Newtonian mechanics handles the motion of
particles as a continuous entity, whereas quantum mechanics asserts that
small particles exist in discrete states of motion (energies). At the
time when Newtonian mechanics was the dominant theory, the concept of
quantum mechanics was difficult for people to accept. Over time,
however, its validity was demonstrated.</div>
</div>
<div class="ParagraphSet">
<div class="imgsetR" style="width: 200px;">
<img alt="Fig.5 Energy Levels" height="152" src="http://www.shimadzu.com/an/uv/support/fundamentals/qn50420000032zf2-img/qn50420000034p86.gif" width="200" />
<div class="caption word-wrap">
Fig.5 Energy Levels</div>
</div>
<div class="txt word-wrap">
Solving the equations of quantum
mechanics that relate to the electrons in an atom gives a model, like
that shown in Fig.5, in which the electrons have discrete energy states.
E<sub>0</sub> is called the "ground state" and E<sub>1</sub>, E<sub>2</sub>, etc., are called "excited states".<br />
In order for an electron to switch from E<sub>0</sub> to E<sub>1</sub>, light with an energy of (E<sub>1</sub> - E<sub>0</sub>)
must strike the electron. This is the "absorption" of light. Electrons
have particular energy levels,and rays of ultraviolet and visible light
have the energy to change the energy states of the electrons.</div>
<br class="clearfloat" />
</div>
<div class="ParagraphSet">
<div class="txt word-wrap">
Because the higher energy state, E<sub>1</sub>, is unstable, the electron soon returns to the ground state, E<sub>0</sub>. The energy discharged when the electron returns from E<sub>0</sub> to E<sub>1</sub> (E<sub>1</sub> - E<sub>0</sub>)
is converted to heat. If, for some reason, it is not converted to heat,
the energy is discharged as light. The phenomenon of light emission is
well known as fluorescence or phosphorescence.<br />
<br />
In relation to quantitative measurement performed with spectroscopy, the
consequence of this phenomenon is that there is a large amount of
absorption if a large number of target molecules exist in a solution,
and only a small amount of absorption if there is only a small number of
target molecules.<br />
Obtaining the quantity, and thereby the concentration, of a substance
from the degree of absorption is the fundamental principle behind
quantitative measurement.<br />
<br />
The graph obtained by using the horizontal axis to represent the
wavelength and the vertical axis to represent the degree of absorption
is called an "absorption spectrum". The degree of absorption is
expressed in terms of the unit "absorbance"(Abs). Fig.6 shows an
absorption spectrum of β-carotene solution obtained with the Shimadzu
UV-2550 UV-VIS spectrophotometer (Fig.7). β-carotene is the principle
substance in carrots that gives them their color. As shown in Fig. 6,
mainly blue and purple light of wavelengths in the range of 400 to 500
nm is absorbed. Because the visible light that reaches the eye of the
observer consists of a mixture of the green and red components that are
left over, carrots, which contain a large amount of β-carotene, appear
to have a yellowred<br />
coloring.</div>
</div>
<div class="ParagraphSet">
<div class="imgsetC">
<div style="margin: 0px auto; width: 613px;">
<img alt="Fig.6 Absorption Spectrum of β-carotene/Fig.7 Shimadzu UV-2550 UV-VIS Spectrophotometer" height="215" src="http://www.shimadzu.com/an/uv/support/fundamentals/qn50420000032zf2-img/qn50420000034p8o.jpg" width="613" />
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<h2 class="Article-Set-subhead">
3. Summary</h2>
<div class="ParagraphSet">
<div class="txt word-wrap">
Here, we have looked at the properties of
light and the way that it is absorbed, two fundamental aspects of the
operation of a UV-VIS spectrophotometer. In the field of spectroscopy,
in addition to UV-VIS spectrophotometers, there are various other types
of spectroscopic measurement devices, such as infrared
spectrophotometers, atomic absorption photometers, Raman
spectrophotometers, and fluorescence spectrophotometers, all of which
perform distinctive types of analysis. Using these devices selectively
makes it possible to obtain various types of information about samples
from different perspectives. In the next volume, we will describe the
structure of a UV-VIS spectrophotometer.</div>
</div>
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><table border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" style="width: 700px;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="17">1) </td>
<td>Kanji Kihone: Measuring Light, Chapter 10<br />
(Edited by the Illuminating Engineering Institute of
Japan,Published by Nippon Riko Shuppankai, 1993), p. 172</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="17">2) </td>
<td>Akira Harajima: Elementary Quantum Mechanics<br />
(Shokabo, 1987), p. 3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="17">3) </td>
<td>Ryuzo Abe: Introduction to Quantum Mechanics<br />
(Iwanami Shoten, Publishers, 1987), p. 31</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</span>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00447141718562836818noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-510437789126964249.post-85291685919352744452013-11-20T10:06:00.000-08:002013-11-20T10:06:39.350-08:00Uji Senyawa Antioksidan dengan Metode Difenilpikril hidrazil<div style="text-align: justify;">
Antioksidan merupakan zat yang mampu memperlambat atau mencegah terjadinya proses oksidasi<sup>1</sup>.
Dalam konsentrasi yang rendah, zat ini dapat memperlambat dan mencegah
terjadinya proses oksidasi yang menyebabkan terbentuknya radikal bebas
dan berakibat terjadinya kerusakan protein dan asam nukleat dan memicu
berbagai jenis penyakit seperti kanker dan penuaan dini.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Yang termasuk senyawa antioksidan adalah
alkaloid, fenolik, polifenol, vitamin E, vitamin C, β-Karoten, EGCG,
dan sebagainya. Selain itu, juga terdapat enzim yang memiliki kemampuan
sebagai antioksidan seperti <em>Superoksida Dimustase</em> (SOD), katalase, ataupun <em>glutation dismustase</em>. Senyawa-senyawa ini terkandung dalam makanan dan minuman, suplemen makanan atau farmasi, ataupun kosmetik.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Dalam laboratorium uji, untuk melakukan assay atau uji aktivitas antioksidan, dikenal <strong>metode DPPH</strong> (<strong>Difenilpikril hidrazil</strong>). Zat ini berperan sebagai <em>electron scavenger</em> (penangkap elektron) atau hydrogen <em>radical scavenger</em> (penangkap radikal hidrogen bebas). Hasilnya adalah molekul yang bersifat dimagnetik dan stabil<sup>2</sup>.
Jika suatu senyawa antioksidan direaksikan dengan zat ini maka senyawa
antioksidan tersebut akan menetralkan radikal bebas dari DPPH.
Pengukuran aktivitas antioksidan dilakukan dengan inkubasi DPPH dengan
ekstrak antioksidan selama 30 menit sehingga menghasilkan larutan yang
berwarna kuning kemudian dilakukan pengukuran panjang gelombang pada 517
nm. Reaksi yang terjadi adalah sebagai berikut<sup>3</sup>:</div>
<div class="contentbox" style="height: 0.35%; width: 576px;">
(DPPH<sup>•</sup>) + (H—A) → DPPH—H + (A<sup>•</sup>)<br />Ungu Kuning<br /><br />H-A adalah senyawa antioksidan yang akan diuji.<br />
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Aktivitas antioksidan diperoleh dari
nilai absorbansi yang selanjutnya akan digunakan untuk menghitung
persentase inhibisi 50% (IC50) yang menyatakan konsentrasi senyawa
antioksidan yang menyebabkan 50% dari DPPH kehilangan karakter radikal
bebasnya. Semakin tinggi kadar senyawa antioksidan dalam sampel maka
akan semakin rendah nilai IC50.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Merck <em>Biosciences</em> memproduksi
DPPH yang digunakan dalam uji aktivitas senyawa antioksidan dengan
bentuk padatan berwarna hitam (pelarutan dengan DMF atau etanol akan
menghasilkan warna ungu kehitaman), memiliki kemurnian ≥ 90% dan larut
dalam DMF atau etanol. Tersedia dengan kemasan 50 mg (<a href="http://www.merck-chemicals.com/indonesia/life-science-research/dpph-free-radical/EMD_BIO-300267/p_uuidriytkIC1eJNwtmmlsaprlERBzUSQNnqLigZzZrPdllBvMK95fZoo?ProductID=Zbab.s1OPeQAAAEZfmk80YvZ">300267-50MG</a>) dengan brand Calbiochem<sup>®</sup>.</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00447141718562836818noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-510437789126964249.post-79116548023019833652013-11-20T09:59:00.001-08:002013-11-20T09:59:24.568-08:00Spesifikasi Spektrofotometer UV-1800 Shimadzu di Laboratorium Kimia Farmasi UII<div class="about-page">
<h1 class="page-title word-wrap">
UV-1800<br /><span>UV-VIS Spectrophotometer</span></h1>
<br class="clearfloat" />
<div class="page-order-title">
Specification</div>
</div>
<div class="product-detail-navi">
<ul>
<li class="first"><a href="http://www.shimadzu.com/an/spectro/uv/uv1800/uv.html">TOP</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.shimadzu.com/an/spectro/uv/uv1800/uv2.html">Measuring Modes</a></li>
<li class="now"><a href="http://www.shimadzu.com/an/spectro/uv/uv1800/uv3.html">Specification</a></li>
<li><br /></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="Article-Set">
</div>
<table bgcolor="#999999" border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="1" style="width: 100%px;"><tbody>
<tr>
<th bgcolor="#EBEBEB">Wavelength range</th>
<td bgcolor="#FFFFFF" colspan="2">190 to 1100nm</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th bgcolor="#EBEBEB">Spectral bandwidth</th>
<td bgcolor="#FFFFFF" colspan="2">1nm (190 to 1100nm)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th bgcolor="#EBEBEB">Wavelength display</th>
<td bgcolor="#FFFFFF" colspan="2">0.1-nm increments</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th bgcolor="#EBEBEB">Wavelength setting</th>
<td bgcolor="#FFFFFF" colspan="2">0.1-nm increments (1-nm increments when setting scanning range )</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th bgcolor="#EBEBEB">Wavelength accuracy</th>
<td bgcolor="#FFFFFF" colspan="2">±0.1nm at 656.1nm D2<br />
±0.3nm (190 to 1100nm)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th bgcolor="#EBEBEB">Wavelength repeatability</th>
<td bgcolor="#FFFFFF" colspan="2">±0.1nm</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th bgcolor="#EBEBEB" rowspan="2">Stray light</th>
<td bgcolor="#FFFFFF" colspan="2">less than 0.02% NaI at 220nm, NaNO2 at 340nm</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#FFFFFF" colspan="2">less than 1.0% KCl at 198nm</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th bgcolor="#EBEBEB">Photometric system</th>
<td bgcolor="#FFFFFF" colspan="2">Double Beam</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th bgcolor="#EBEBEB">Photometric range</th>
<td bgcolor="#FFFFFF" colspan="2">Absorbance: -4 to 4 Abs<br />
Transmittance: 0% to 400%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th bgcolor="#EBEBEB" rowspan="3">Photometric accuarcy</th>
<td bgcolor="#FFFFFF" colspan="2">±0.002 Abs (0.5Abs)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#FFFFFF" colspan="2">±0.004 Abs (1.0Abs)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#FFFFFF" colspan="2">±0.006 Abs (2.0Abs)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th bgcolor="#EBEBEB" rowspan="3">Photometric repeatability</th>
<td bgcolor="#FFFFFF" colspan="2">less than ±0.001 Abs (0.5Abs)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#FFFFFF" colspan="2">less than ±0.001 Abs (1Abs)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#FFFFFF" colspan="2">less than ±0.003 Abs (2.0Abs)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th bgcolor="#EBEBEB">Baseline stability</th>
<td bgcolor="#FFFFFF" colspan="2">less than 0.0003 Abs/H at 700nm <br />
(one hour after light source turned ON)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th bgcolor="#EBEBEB">Baseline flatness</th>
<td bgcolor="#FFFFFF" colspan="2">within ±0.0006 Abs <br />
(190 to 1100nm,one hour after light source turned ON)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th bgcolor="#EBEBEB">Noise level</th>
<td bgcolor="#FFFFFF" colspan="2">Within 0.00005 Abs RMS value (at 700nm)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th bgcolor="#EBEBEB">Dimensions (W×D×H)</th>
<td bgcolor="#FFFFFF" colspan="2">450(W) x 490(D) x 270(H)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th bgcolor="#EBEBEB">Weight</th>
<td bgcolor="#FFFFFF" colspan="2">15kg</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th bgcolor="#EBEBEB">Printers</th>
<td bgcolor="#FFFFFF" colspan="2">DPU, ESC/P, PCL printers, USB I/F Windows-compliant printers are available with USB memory and PC software</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th bgcolor="#EBEBEB">Memory</th>
<td bgcolor="#FFFFFF" colspan="2">USB memory (option) Saved as text and UVPC file</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th bgcolor="#EBEBEB">Performance for PC</th>
<td bgcolor="#FFFFFF" colspan="2">USB memory+UVProbe (standard) Win XP</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00447141718562836818noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-510437789126964249.post-69368126033099473992013-11-20T09:47:00.001-08:002013-11-20T09:54:33.182-08:00Identifikasi Obat Palsu<h2>
<span style="font-size: small;">Menurut Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Nomor 10101 tahun 2008 tentang Registrasi Obat, yang dikategorikan sebagai <b>Obat
Palsu adalah obat yang diproduksi oleh yang tidak berhak berdasarkan
peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku atau produksi obat dengan
penandaan yang meniru identitas obat lain yang telah memiliki izin edar</b>.</span><span style="font-size: small;"></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"> </span></span></h2>
<h2>
<span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Ada lima macam obat dikatagorikan palsu, yaitu :</span></span></span></h2>
<h2>
<ol style="text-align: justify;">
<li><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Produk
mengandung bahan berkhasiat dengan kadar yang memenuhi syarat,
diproduksi, dikemas dan diberi label seperti produk aslinya, tetapi
bukan dibuat oleh pabrik aslinya tanpa adanya ijin/ lisensi dari pabrik
aslinya/ pemegang ijin merk.</span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Produk obat yang mengandung bahan berkhasiat dengan kadar yang tidak memenuhi persyaratan yang telah ditetapkan.</span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"></span><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Produk dibuat dengan bentuk dan kemasan seperti produk asli, tetapi tidak mengandung bahan berkhasiat.</span></span></span></li>
<li> <span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Produk yang menyerupai produk asli, tapi mengandung bahan berkhasiat yang berbeda.</span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Produk yang diproduksi tidak berijin.</span></span><span style="font-size: small;"></span></span></li>
</ol>
<span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; line-height: 115%;">Produk
impor tidak resmi yang tak memiliki izin edar dari Kemenkes cq Badan
POM RI sesuai dengan Peraturan Menkes No 949/Menkes/SK</span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; line-height: 115%;">/VI/2000.</span></span></span></h2>
<h2>
<span style="font-size: small;">Untuk mengetahui apakah obat yang beredar di warung warung termasuk obat palsu atau tidak, dapat dilakukan di Laboratorium Kimia Farmasi UII.</span></h2>
<h2>
<span style="font-size: small;">Cara uji sederhana adalah dengan pemeriksaan sesuai Farmakope Indonesia tentang jenis obat yang beredar.</span></h2>
<h2>
<span style="font-size: small;">Untuk identifikasi dan penentuaan kadar zat aktif dapat di lakukan dengan metode spektrofotometri maupun KCKT.</span></h2>
<h2>
<span style="font-size: small;">ada hal menarik tentang obat kadaluwarsa yang di edarkan di warung warung kecil setelah di uji lab, ya namanya obat yang telah kadaluwarsa tentu mengalami pengurangan kadar zat aktif dan perubahan komposisi. </span></h2>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00447141718562836818noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-510437789126964249.post-57084370666073247442013-01-08T02:19:00.001-08:002013-01-08T02:19:10.716-08:00Kuliah Tamu Farmasi Forensik UMP<a href="http://www.farmasikepolisian.com/berita-artikel.html?id=Kuliah_Tamu_Farmasi_Forensik_di_UMP_Purwokerto#.UOvul0peCT0.blogger">Kuliah Tamu Farmasi Forensik UMP</a>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00447141718562836818noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-510437789126964249.post-33545885552754508132012-12-23T09:59:00.001-08:002014-10-13T21:26:45.138-07:00TEKNIK LABORATORIUM<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="mso-cellspacing: 0cm; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 550px;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-line-height-alt: 15.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="color: #666699; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 17.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">Suggestions for Cleaning<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
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<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 411.75pt;" valign="top" width="549"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN">
</span><br />
<hr align="center" noshade="" size="2" width="100%" />
<span lang="IN">
</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 75.0pt;" width="100"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 336.75pt;" width="449"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="IN"><a href="http://www.corning.com/lifesciences/technical_information/techdocs/cleanglass.asp#Introduction#Introduction"><b><span style="color: #333366; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Introduction</span></b></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 75.0pt;" width="100"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
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<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 336.75pt;" width="449"><ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: #333366; line-height: 15.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><a href="http://www.corning.com/lifesciences/technical_information/techdocs/cleanglass.asp#Cleaning#Cleaning"><span style="color: #333366;">Cleaning</span></a> <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: #333366; line-height: 15.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><a href="http://www.corning.com/lifesciences/technical_information/techdocs/cleanglass.asp#Glassware%20Cleaners#Glassware%20Cleaners"><span style="color: #333366;">Glassware Cleaners</span></a> <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: #333366; line-height: 15.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><a href="http://www.corning.com/lifesciences/technical_information/techdocs/cleanglass.asp#Safe%20Use%20of%20Chromic%20Acid#Safe%20Use%20of%20Chromic%20Acid"><span style="color: #333366;">Safe Use of Chromic Acid</span></a> <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: #333366; line-height: 15.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><a href="http://www.corning.com/lifesciences/technical_information/techdocs/cleanglass.asp#Removing%20Grease#Removing%20Grease"><span style="color: #333366;">Removing Grease</span></a> <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: #333366; line-height: 15.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><a href="http://www.corning.com/lifesciences/technical_information/techdocs/cleanglass.asp#Rinsing#Rinsing"><span style="color: #333366;">Rinsing</span></a> <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: #333366; line-height: 15.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><a href="http://www.corning.com/lifesciences/technical_information/techdocs/cleanglass.asp#Sterilizing%20Contaminated%20Glassware#Sterilizing%20Contaminated%20Glassware"><span style="color: #333366;">Sterilizing Contaminated Glassware</span></a> <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: #333366; line-height: 15.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><a href="http://www.corning.com/lifesciences/technical_information/techdocs/cleanglass.asp#Handling%20and%20Storing#Handling%20and%20Storing"><span style="color: #333366;">Handling and Storing</span></a> <o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
</td>
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<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 75.0pt;" width="100"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 336.75pt;" width="449"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="IN"><a href="http://www.corning.com/lifesciences/technical_information/techdocs/cleanglass.asp#Cleaning%20Specific%20Types%20of%20Glass%20Labware#Cleaning%20Specific%20Types%20of%20Glass%20Labware"><b><span style="color: #333366; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Cleaning Specific
Types of Glass Labware</span></b></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 75.0pt;" width="100"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 336.75pt;" width="449"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: #333366; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><a href="http://www.corning.com/lifesciences/technical_information/techdocs/cleanglass.asp#PyrexPlus#PyrexPlus"><span style="color: #333366;">- PyrexPlus® Labware</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 75.0pt;" width="100"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 336.75pt;" width="449"><ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: #333366; line-height: 15.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><a href="http://www.corning.com/lifesciences/technical_information/techdocs/cleanglass.asp#Autoclaving#Autoclaving"><span style="color: #333366;">Autoclaving</span></a> <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: #333366; line-height: 15.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><a href="http://www.corning.com/lifesciences/technical_information/techdocs/cleanglass.asp#Autoclaving-Cloudiness#Autoclaving-Cloudiness"><span style="color: #333366;">Autoclaving-Cloudiness</span></a> <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: #333366; line-height: 15.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><a href="http://www.corning.com/lifesciences/technical_information/techdocs/cleanglass.asp#Cleaning2#Cleaning2"><span style="color: #333366;">Cleaning</span></a> <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: #333366; line-height: 15.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><a href="http://www.corning.com/lifesciences/technical_information/techdocs/cleanglass.asp#Labeling%20and%20Marking#Labeling%20and%20Marking"><span style="color: #333366;">Labeling and Marking</span></a> <o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 75.0pt;" width="100"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 336.75pt;" width="449"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: #333366; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><a href="http://www.corning.com/lifesciences/technical_information/techdocs/cleanglass.asp#Burets#Burets"><span style="color: #333366;">- Burets</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 75.0pt;" width="100"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 336.75pt;" width="449"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: #333366; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><a href="http://www.corning.com/lifesciences/technical_information/techdocs/cleanglass.asp#Culture%20Tubes#Culture%20Tubes"><span style="color: #333366;">- Culture Tubes</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 75.0pt;" width="100"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 336.75pt;" width="449"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: #333366; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><a href="http://www.corning.com/lifesciences/technical_information/techdocs/cleanglass.asp#Dishes%20and%20Culture%20Bottles#Dishes%20and%20Culture%20Bottles"><span style="color: #333366;">- Dishes and Culture Bottles</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 75.0pt;" width="100"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 336.75pt;" width="449"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: #333366; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><a href="http://www.corning.com/lifesciences/technical_information/techdocs/cleanglass.asp#Pipets#Pipets"><span style="color: #333366;">- Pipets</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 75.0pt;" width="100"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 336.75pt;" width="449"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: #333366; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><a href="http://www.corning.com/lifesciences/technical_information/techdocs/cleanglass.asp#Blood%20Cell%20Count%20Diluting%20Pipets#Blood%20Cell%20Count%20Diluting%20Pipets"><span style="color: #333366;">- Blood Cell Count Diluting Pipets</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 75.0pt;" width="100"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 336.75pt;" width="449"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: #333366; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><a href="http://www.corning.com/lifesciences/technical_information/techdocs/cleanglass.asp#Automatic%20Pipet%20Washers#Automatic%20Pipet%20Washers"><span style="color: #333366;">- Automatic Pipet Washers</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 75.0pt;" width="100"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 336.75pt;" width="449"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: #333366; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><a href="http://www.corning.com/lifesciences/technical_information/techdocs/cleanglass.asp#Serological%20Tubes#Serological%20Tubes"><span style="color: #333366;">- Serological Tubes</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 75.0pt;" width="100"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 336.75pt;" width="449"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: #333366; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><a href="http://www.corning.com/lifesciences/technical_information/techdocs/cleanglass.asp#Slides%20and%20Cover%20Glass#Slides%20and%20Cover%20Glass"><span style="color: #333366;">- Slides and Cover Glass</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="mso-cellspacing: 1.5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 549px;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN">
</span><br />
<hr align="center" noshade="" size="2" width="100%" />
<span lang="IN">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=510437789126964249" name="Introduction"><b><span lang="IN" style="color: #333366; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">Introduction</span></b></a><span lang="IN" style="color: #333366; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><br />
Good laboratory technique demands clean glassware, because the most carefully
executed piece of work may give an erroneous result if dirty glassware is
used. In all instances, glassware must be physically clean; it must be
chemically clean; and in many cases, it must be bacteriologically clean or
sterile. All glassware must be absolutely grease-free. The safest criteria of
cleanliness is uniform wetting of the surface by distilled water. This is
especially important in glassware used for measuring the volume of liquids.
Grease and other contaminating materials will prevent the glass from becoming
uniformly wetted. This in turn will alter the volume of residue adhering to
the walls of the glass container and thus affect the volume of liquid
delivered. Furthermore, in pipets and burets, the meniscus will be distorted
and the correct adjustments cannot be made. The presence of small amounts of
impurities may also alter the meniscus.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="IN" style="color: #333366; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><br />
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=510437789126964249" name="Cleaning">Cleaning </a></span></b><span lang="IN" style="color: #333366; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><br />
Wash labware as quickly as possible after use. If a thorough cleaning is not
possible immediately, put glassware to soak in water. If labware is not
cleaned immediately, it may become impossible to remove the residue.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="IN" style="color: #333366; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">Most new glassware is slightly alkaline in
reaction. For precision chemical tests, new glassware should be soaked
several hours in acid water (a 1% solution of hydrochloric or nitric acid)
before washing.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="IN" style="color: #333366; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">Brushes with wooden or plastic handles are
recommended as they will not scratch or abrade the glass surface.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=510437789126964249" name="Glassware_Cleaners"><b><span lang="IN" style="color: #333366; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">Glassware
Cleaners</span></b></a><span lang="IN" style="color: #333366; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><br />
When washing, soap, detergent, or cleaning powder (with or without an
abrasive) may be used. Cleaners for glassware include Alconox®,
Dural®,M&H®, Lux®, Tide® and Fab®. The water should be hot. For glassware
that is exceptionally dirty, a cleaning powder with a mild abrasive action
will give more satisfactory results. The abrasive should not scratch the
glass. During the washing, all parts of the glassware should be thoroughly
scrubbed with a brush. This means that a full set of brushes must be at
hand-brushes to fit large and small test tubes, burets, funnels, graduates
and various sizes of flasks and bottles. Motor driven revolving brushes are
valuable when a large number of tubes or bottles are processed. Do not use
cleaning brushes that are so worn that the spine hits the glass. Serious
scratches may result. Scratched glass is more prone to break during
experiments. Any mark in the uniform surface of glassware is a potential
breaking point, especially when the piece is heated. Do not allow acid to
come into contact with a piece of glassware before the detergent (or soap) is
thoroughly removed. If this happens, a film of grease may be formed.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="IN" style="color: #333366; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><br />
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=510437789126964249" name="Safe_Use_of_Chromic_Acid">Safe Use of Chromic Acid </a></span></b><span lang="IN" style="color: #333366; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><br />
If glassware becomes unduly clouded or dirty or contains coagulated organic
matter, it must be cleansed with chromic acid cleaning solution<sup>1</sup>.
The dichromate should be handled with extreme care because it is a powerful
corrosive and carcinogen.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="IN" style="color: #333366; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">When chromic acid solution is used the item
may be rinsed with the cleaning solution or it may be filled and allowed to
stand. The length of time it is allowed to stand depends on the amount of
contamination on the glassware. Relatively clean glassware may require only a
few minutes of exposure; if debris is present, such as blood clots, it may be
necessary to let the glassware stand all night. Due to the intense corrosive
action of the chromic acid solution, it is good practice to place the stock
bottle, as well as the glassware being treated, in flat glass pans or pans
made from lead or coated with lead, or plastic polymer pans determined
compatible with the concentration of chromic acid you are using. Extra care
must be taken to be sure chromic acid solution is disposed of properly.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="IN" style="color: #333366; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">Special types of precipitates may require
removal with nitric acid, aqua regia or fuming sulfuric acid. These are very
corrosive substances and should be used only when required.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="IN" style="color: #333366; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><br />
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=510437789126964249" name="Removing_Grease">Removing Grease</a></span></b><span lang="IN" style="color: #333366; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><br />
Grease is best removed by boiling in a weak solution of sodium carbonate.
Acetone or any other fat solvent may be used. Strong alkalis should not be
used. Silicone grease is most easily removed by soaking the stopcock plug or
barrel for 2 hours in warm decahydronaphthalene.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="IN" style="color: #333366; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">Drain and rinse with acetone or use fuming
sulfuric acid for 30 minutes. Be sure to rinse off all of the cleaning
agents.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="IN" style="color: #333366; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><br />
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=510437789126964249" name="Rinsing">Rinsing</a></span></b><span lang="IN" style="color: #333366; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><br />
It is imperative that all soap, detergents and other cleaning fluids be
removed from glassware before use. This is especially important with the detergents,
slight traces of which will interfere with serologic and cultural reactions.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="IN" style="color: #333366; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">After cleaning, rinse the glassware with
running tap water. When test tubes, graduates, flasks and similar containers
are rinsed with tap water, allow the water to run into and over them for a
short time, then partly fill each piece with water, thoroughly shake and
empty at least six times. Pipets and burets are best rinsed by attaching a
piece of rubber tubing to the faucet and then attaching the delivery end of
the pipets or burets to a hose, allowing the water to run through them. If
the tap water is very hard, it is best to run it through a deionizer before
using.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="IN" style="color: #333366; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">Rinse the glassware in a large bath of
distilled water. Rinse with distilled water. To conserve distilled water, use
a five gallon bottle as a reservoir. Store it on a shelf near your clean-up
area. Attach a siphon to it and use it for replenishing the reservoir with
used distilled water.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="IN" style="color: #333366; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">For sensitive microbiologic assays, meticulous
cleaning must be followed by rinsing 12 times in distilled water.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="IN" style="color: #333366; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><br />
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=510437789126964249" name="Sterilizing_Contaminated_Glassware">Sterilizing Contaminated
Glassware</a></span></b><span lang="IN" style="color: #333366; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><br />
Glassware which is contaminated with blood clots, such as serology tubes,
culture media, petri dishes, etc., must be sterilized before cleaning. It can
best be processed in the laboratory by placing it in a large bucket or boiler
filled with water, to which 1-2% soft soap or detergent has been added, and
boiled for 30 minutes. The glassware can then be rinsed in tap water,
scrubbed with detergent, rinsed again.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="IN" style="color: #333366; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">You may autoclave glassware or sterilize it in
large steam ovens or similar apparatus. If viruses or spore-bearing bacteria
are present, autoclaving is absolutely necessary.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="IN" style="color: #333366; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><br />
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=510437789126964249" name="Handling_and_Storing">Handling and Storing</a></span></b><span lang="IN" style="color: #333366; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><br />
To prevent breakage when rinsing or washing pipets, cylinders or burets, be
careful not to let tips hit the sink or the water tap.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="IN" style="color: #333366; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">Dry test tubes, culture tubes, flasks and
other labware by hanging them on wooden pegs or placing them in baskets with
their mouths downward and allowing them to dry in the air; or place them in
baskets to dry in an oven<sup>2</sup>. Drying temperatures should not exceed
140°C. Line the drying basket with a clean cloth to keep the vessel mouths
clean.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="IN" style="color: #333366; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">Dry burets, pipets and cylinders by standing
them on a folded towel. Protect clean glassware from dust. This is done best
by plugging with cotton, corking, taping a heavy piece of paper over the
mouth or placing the glassware in a dust-free cabinet.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="IN" style="color: #333366; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">Store glassware in specially designed racks.
Avoid breakage by keeping pieces separated.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="IN" style="color: #333366; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">Do not store alkaline liquids in volumetric
flasks or burets. Stoppers or stopcocks may stick.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="IN" style="color: #333366; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><br />
Proper care and handling of Pyrex® and PyrexPlus® labware will greatly
increase its life and increase the safety of your work place.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN">
</span><br />
<hr align="center" noshade="" size="2" style="color: #aca899;" width="100%" />
<span lang="IN">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=510437789126964249" name="Cleaning_Specific_Types_of_Glass_Labware"><b><span lang="IN" style="color: #333366; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">Cleaning Specific Types of Glass Labware </span></b></a><span lang="IN" style="color: #333366; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=510437789126964249" name="PyrexPlus"><b><span lang="IN" style="color: #333366; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">PyrexPlus®
Labware</span></b></a><span lang="IN" style="color: #333366; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=510437789126964249" name="Autoclaving"><b><span lang="IN" style="color: #333366; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">Autoclaving:</span></b></a><b><span lang="IN" style="color: #333366; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><br />
</span></b><span lang="IN" style="color: #333366; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">PyrexPlus® labware can be
successfully sterilized using liquids or dry cycle sterilization which
involves no vacuum or low vacuum (<5 inches Hg).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="IN" style="color: #333366; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">Recommended cycles for automated autoclaves
are:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center">
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" class="MsoNormalTable" style="mso-cellspacing: .7pt; width: 307px;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 12.75pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="background: cornflowerblue; height: 12.75pt; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: #333366; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background: cornflowerblue; height: 12.75pt; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 117.75pt;" width="157"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="color: #333366; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">Autoclave Type<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 14.25pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="background: cornflowerblue; height: 14.25pt; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 103.5pt;" width="138"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="color: #333366; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">Autoclave
Cycle<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: cornflowerblue; height: 14.25pt; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 49.5pt;" width="66"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="color: #333366; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">Gravity</span></b><span lang="IN" style="color: #333366; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: cornflowerblue; height: 14.25pt; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 63.75pt;" width="85"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.0pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="color: #333366; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">Prevacuum</span></b><span lang="IN" style="color: #333366; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 13.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="height: 13.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 103.5pt;" width="138"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.0pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: #333366; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">Liquid<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="height: 13.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 49.5pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.0pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: #333366; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">Yes<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="height: 13.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 63.75pt;" valign="top" width="85"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.0pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: #333366; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">Yes<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 13.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="height: 13.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 103.5pt;" width="138"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.0pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: #333366; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">Dry<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="height: 13.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 49.5pt;" width="66"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.0pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: #333366; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">Yes<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="height: 13.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 63.75pt;" width="85"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.0pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: #333366; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">No<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 13.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 4; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="height: 13.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 103.5pt;" width="138"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.0pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: #333366; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">Prevac<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="height: 13.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 49.5pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.0pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: #333366; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">-<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="height: 13.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 63.75pt;" valign="top" width="85"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.0pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: #333366; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">No<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="IN" style="color: #333366; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">CAUTION: Always autoclave vessels with loose
caps or closures.</span></i><span lang="IN" style="color: #333366; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="IN" style="color: #333366; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">Steam sterilization time should not exceed 15
minutes at 121°C (250°F). Drying time should not exceed 15 minutes at 110°C
(230°F). The actual cavity temperature of the autoclave should be checked to
be sure the autoclave temperature does not exceed the recommended
sterilization and drying temperature.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=510437789126964249" name="Autoclaving-Cloudiness"><b><span lang="IN" style="color: #333366; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">Autoclaving-Cloudiness:</span></b></a><span lang="IN" style="color: #333366; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><br />
</span><span lang="IN" style="color: #333366; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">Should the
coating appear clouded due to dissolved moisture, simply let dry overnight at
room temperature or briefly heat to 110°C (230°F).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=510437789126964249" name="Cleaning2"><b><span lang="IN" style="color: #333366; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">Cleaning:</span></b></a><span lang="IN" style="color: #333366; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><br />
</span><span lang="IN" style="color: #333366; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">As is common
practice, clean all glassware before use. Any non-abrasive glassware
detergent may be used for hand or automatic dishwasher cleaning. If using a
dishwasher or glassware dryer, care should be taken to be sure the drying
temperature does not exceed 110°C (230°F). Exposure to dry heat should be
minimized.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="IN" style="color: #333366; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">Avoid brushes and cleaning pads which could
abrade the glass or damage the coating. If using a chromic acid cleaning
solution minimize contact of the solution with the coating.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=510437789126964249" name="Labeling_and_Marking"><b><span lang="IN" style="color: #333366; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">Labeling and
Marking:</span></b></a><span lang="IN" style="color: #333366; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><br />
</span><span lang="IN" style="color: #333366; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">Use
water-based markers for temporary marking or labeling of the PyrexPlus®
labware coating. Solvent-based markers, dyes and stains cannot be removed
from the coating.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="IN" style="color: #333366; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">NOTE: A slight “plastic” odor may be detected
when handling PyrexPlus® labware. This is due to additives in the plastic
coating which are responsible for its superior performance. The odor is
normal and will not affect the inertness of the inside borosilicate glass
surface.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="IN" style="color: #333366; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">See <a href="http://www.corning.com/lifesciences/technical_information/techdocs/usecarepyrexplus.asp"><span style="color: #333366;">The Use and Care of PyrexPlus® Laboratory Glassware</span></a>
for additional information.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN">
</span><br />
<hr align="center" noshade="" size="2" style="color: #aca899;" width="100%" />
<span lang="IN">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=510437789126964249" name="Burets"><b><span lang="IN" style="color: #333366; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">Burets:</span></b></a><span lang="IN" style="color: #333366; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><br />
</span><span lang="IN" style="color: #333366; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">Remove the
stopcock or rubber tip and wash the buret with detergent and water. Rinse
with tap water until all the dirt is removed. Then rinse with distilled water
and dry. Wash the stopcock or rubber tip separately. Before a glass stopcock
is placed in the buret, lubricate the joint with stopcock lubricant. Use only
a small amount of lubricant. Burets should always be covered when not in use.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN">
</span><br />
<hr align="center" noshade="" size="2" style="color: #aca899;" width="100%" />
<span lang="IN">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=510437789126964249" name="Culture_Tubes"><b><span lang="IN" style="color: #333366; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">Culture Tubes:</span></b></a><span lang="IN" style="color: #333366; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><br />
</span><span lang="IN" style="color: #333366; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">Culture tubes
which have been used previously must be sterilized before cleaning. The best
method for sterilizing culture tubes is by autoclaving for 30 minutes at
121°C (15 p.s.i. pressure). Media which solidifies on cooling should be
poured out while the tubes are hot. After the tubes are emptied, brush with
detergent and water, rinse thoroughly with tap water, rinse with distilled
water, place in a basket and dry.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="IN" style="color: #333366; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">If tubes are to be filled with a media which
is sterilized by autoclaving, do not plug until the media is added. Both
media and tubes are thus sterilized with one autoclaving.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="IN" style="color: #333366; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">If the tubes are to be filled with sterile
media, plug and sterilize the tubes in the autoclave or dry air sterilizer
before adding the media.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN">
</span><br />
<hr align="center" noshade="" size="2" style="color: #aca899;" width="100%" />
<span lang="IN">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=510437789126964249" name="Dishes_and_Culture_Bottles"><b><span lang="IN" style="color: #333366; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">Dishes and
Culture Bottles:</span></b></a><span lang="IN" style="color: #333366; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><br />
</span><span lang="IN" style="color: #333366; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">Sterilize and
clean as detailed under Culture Tubes. Wrap in heavy paper or place in a
petri dish can. Sterilize in the autoclave or dry air sterilizer.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN">
</span><br />
<hr align="center" noshade="" size="2" style="color: #aca899;" width="100%" />
<span lang="IN">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=510437789126964249" name="Pipets"><b><span lang="IN" style="color: #333366; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">Pipets:</span></b></a><span lang="IN" style="color: #333366; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><br />
</span><span lang="IN" style="color: #333366; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">Place pipets,
tips down, in a cylinder or tall jar of water immediately after use. Do not
drop them into the jar. This may break or chip the tips and render the pipets
useless for accurate measurements. A pad of cotton or glass wool at the
bottom of the jar will help to prevent breaking of the tips. Be certain that
the water level is high enough to immerse the greater portion or all of each
pipet. The pipets may then be drained and placed in a cylinder or jar of
dissolved detergent or, if exceptionally dirty, in a jar of chromic acid
cleaning solution. After soaking for several hours, or overnight, drain the
pipets and run tap water over and through them until all traces of dirt are
removed. Soak the pipets in distilled water for at least one hour. Remove
from the distilled water, rinse, dry the outside with a cloth, shake the
water out and dry.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=510437789126964249" name="Blood_Cell_Count_Diluting_Pipets"><b><span lang="IN" style="color: #333366; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">Blood Cell Count Diluting Pipets:</span></b></a><span lang="IN" style="color: #333366; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><br />
</span><span lang="IN" style="color: #333366; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">After use,
rinse thoroughly with cool tap water, distilled water, alcohol, or acetone,
and then ether. Dry by suction. Do not blow into the pipets as this will
cause moisture to condense on the inside of the pipet.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="IN" style="color: #333366; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">To remove particles of coagulated blood or
dirt, a cleaning solution should be used. One type of solution will suffice
in one case, whereas a stronger solution may be required in another. It is
best to fill the pipet with the cleaning solution and allow to stand
overnight. Sodium hypo chlorite (laundry bleach) or a detergent may be used.
Hydrogen peroxide is also useful. In difficult cases, use concentrated nitric
acid. Some particles may require loosening with a horse hair or piece of fine
wire. Take care not to scratch the inside of the pipet.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN">
</span><br />
<hr align="center" noshade="" size="2" style="color: #aca899;" width="100%" />
<span lang="IN">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=510437789126964249" name="Automatic_Pipet_Washers"><b><span lang="IN" style="color: #333366; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">Automatic
Pipet Washers:</span></b></a><span lang="IN" style="color: #333366; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><br />
</span><span lang="IN" style="color: #333366; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">Where a large
number of pipets are used daily, it is convenient to use an automatic pipet
washer. Some of these, made of metal, can be connected directly by permanent
fixtures to the hot and cold water supplies. Others, such as those made with
polyethylene, can be attached to the water supplies by rubber hose.
Polyethylene baskets and jars may be used for soaking and rinsing pipets in
chromic acid cleaning solution. Electrically heated metallic pipet dryers are
also available.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="IN" style="color: #333366; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">After drying, place pipets in a dust-free
drawer. Wrap serologic and bacteriologic pipets in paper or place in pipet
cans and sterilize in the dry air sterilizer. Pipets used for transferring
infectious material should have a cotton plug placed in the top end of the
pipet before sterilizing. The plug will prevent the material being measured
from being drawn accidentally into the pipetting device.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN">
</span><br />
<hr align="center" noshade="" size="2" style="color: #aca899;" width="100%" />
<span lang="IN">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=510437789126964249" name="Serological_Tubes"><b><span lang="IN" style="color: #333366; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">Serological
Tubes:</span></b></a><span lang="IN" style="color: #333366; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><br />
</span><span lang="IN" style="color: #333366; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">Serological
tubes should be chemically clean, but need not be sterile. However, specimens
of blood which are to be kept for some time at room temperature should be
collected in a sterile container. It may be expedient to sterilize all tubes.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="IN" style="color: #333366; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">To clean and sterilize tubes containing blood,
discard the clots in a waste container and place the tubes in a large basket.
Put the basket, with others, in a large bucket or boiler. Cover with water,
add a fair quantity of soft soap or detergent and boil for 30 minutes. Rinse
the tubes, clean with a brush, rinse and dry with the usual precautions.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="IN" style="color: #333366; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">It is imperative when washing serological
glassware that all acids, alkali and detergents be completely removed. Acids,
alkalis and detergents in small amounts interfere with serologic reactions.
Serologic tubes and glassware should be kept separate from all other
glassware and used only for serologic procedures.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN">
</span><br />
<hr align="center" noshade="" size="2" style="color: #aca899;" width="100%" />
<span lang="IN">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=510437789126964249" name="Slides_and_Cover_Glass"><b><span lang="IN" style="color: #333366; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">Slides and
Cover Glass:</span></b></a><span lang="IN" style="color: #333366; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><br />
</span><span lang="IN" style="color: #333366; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">It is
especially important that microscope slides and cover glass used for the
preparation of blood films or bacteriologic smears be perfectly clean and
free from scratches. Slides should be washed, placed in glacial acetic acid
for 10 minutes, rinsed with distilled water and wiped dry with clean paper
towels or cloth. Once the slides have been washed, place them in a wide jar
of alcohol. As needed, remove from the jar and wipe dry. If the slides are
dry stored, wash them with alcohol before use.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 411.75pt;" width="549"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<i><span lang="IN">
</span></i><br />
<hr align="center" noshade="" size="2" style="color: #aca899;" width="100%" />
<i><span lang="IN">
</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="IN" style="color: #333366; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">1. Chromic acid cleaning solution — Use
powdered commercial or technical grade sodium dichromate or potassium
dichromate. If the compound is in the form of crystals, grind to a fine
powder in a mortar. To 20 grams of the powder in a liter beaker, add a little
water, sufficient to make a thin paste. Slowly add approximately 300mL of
commercial concentrated sulfuric acid, stirring well. Transfer to a
glass-stoppered bottle.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="IN" style="color: #333366; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">Larger amounts can be made in the same
proportions. Use the clear supernatant solution. Chromic acid solution can be
used repeatedly until it begins to turn a greenish color. Dispose of in
accordance with appropriate regulations. Dilute with large volumes of water
before discarding, or carefully neutralize the diluted solution with sodium
hydroxide. Chromic acid solution is strongly acidic and will burn the skin
severely. Use care in handling it.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<i><span lang="IN">
</span></i><br />
<hr align="center" noshade="" size="2" style="color: #aca899;" width="100%" />
<i><span lang="IN">
</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="IN"><o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00447141718562836818noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-510437789126964249.post-50801695165377665042012-12-23T09:55:00.001-08:002012-12-23T09:55:46.119-08:00GRADE BAHAN KIMIA<br />
<h2>
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Chemical Grade
Definitions<o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<h3>
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">Chemical
grade definitions from highest to lowest purity...<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<h3>
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">1.
A.C.S.<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">A
chemical grade of highest purity and meets or exceeds purity standards set by <a href="http://www.chemistry.org/" target="acs">American Chemical Society</a> (ACS).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<h3>
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">2.
Reagent<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">High
purity generally equal to A.C.S. grade and suitable for use in many laboratory
and analytical applications.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<h3>
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">3.
U.S.P.<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">A
chemical grade of sufficient purity to meet or exceed requirements of the <a href="http://www.usp.org/" target="usp">U.S. Pharmacopeia</a> (USP); acceptable for food, drug, or
medicinal use; may be used for most laboratory purposes.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<h3>
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">4. N.F.<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">A
grade of sufficient purity to meet or exceed requirements of the National
Formulary (NF).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<h3>
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">5. Lab<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">A
chemical grade of relatively high quality with exact levels of impurities
unknown; usually pure enough for educational applications. Not pure enough to
be offered for food, drug, or medicinal use of any kind.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<h3>
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">6.
Purified<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">Also
called pure or practical grade, and indicates good quality chemicals meeting no
official standard; can be used in most cases for educational applications. Not
pure enough to be offered for food, drug, or medicinal use of any kind.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<h3>
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">7.
Technical<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">Good
quality chemical grade used for commercial and industrial purposes. Not pure
enough to be offered for food, drug, or medicinal use of any kind<o:p></o:p></span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00447141718562836818noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-510437789126964249.post-40019831610673358522012-12-19T19:05:00.002-08:002014-09-27T10:42:52.858-07:00GREEN CHEMESTRY IN CHEMICAL LABORATORY1. GREEN CHEMISTRY DEFINITION<br />
<ul>
<li>The Invention, design and application of chemical products and processes to reduce or to eliminate the use and generation of hazardous subtances to human health ang the enviroment (Initial definition),</li>
<li>Involves the fundamental anf inovative chemical methods that accomplished pollution prevention thrugh source reduction and that have broad application in industry (US EPA)</li>
</ul>
<div>
2. SUTAINABLE CHEMISTRY DEFINITION</div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>The design, manufacture and use of efficien, effective, safe and more enviromentally benign chemical products and process (Organization for economic Cooperation an Development, OECD)</li>
</ul>
3. PRINCIPLES OF GREEN CHEMISTRY</div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>- PREVENT WASTE</li>
<li>- Design safer chemical products</li>
<li>- Design less hazardous synthesis</li>
<li>- Use renewable feedstocks</li>
<li>- Use catalysts, not stoichiometric reagents</li>
<li>- Maximize atom economy</li>
<li>- Use safer solvents and reaction conditions</li>
<li>- Increase energy efficiency</li>
<li>- Design chemical produts to degrade after use</li>
<li>- Subtances after use so that they don't accumulate in the environment</li>
<li>- Analyze in real time to prevent pollution.</li>
<li>- Minimize accident potential</li>
</ol>
Source paper : Prof. Sri Juari Santosa, F-MIPA UGM</div>
<br />
<br />
<br />Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00447141718562836818noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-510437789126964249.post-32014262119202991032012-12-06T19:14:00.000-08:002012-12-06T23:41:06.825-08:00Orientasi Reaksi Dehidrasi Alkohol<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
Aktivitas Lab Kimia Farmasi Jum'at 07/12/2012 Pukul : 08:00 - 16:00 WIB,</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
Para asisten melakukan orientasi sebelum membimbing praktikum sebenarnya kepada para praktikan.</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
Orientasi yang dilakukan adalah Praktikum Kimia Organik, dengan Sub Bab "Reaksi Dehidrasi Alkohol"</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
Berikut foto keceriaan asisten dalam melaksanakan orientasi, menunggu hasil sintesis dehidrasi alkohol.</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIa743UPUZtm-9OXVROnYVAcMeplpOatlu7uSNbunH1O1pwLz9ctAZfkqq0ILzJwIkU91SHbvckBBRdAv4xLXLdA5R1M1RU4sbPOZ2s2Li-cidG3fmvAkK1_cwp6r3uMyE4Tj4XTXUd-h9/s1600/IMG-20121207-00519.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIa743UPUZtm-9OXVROnYVAcMeplpOatlu7uSNbunH1O1pwLz9ctAZfkqq0ILzJwIkU91SHbvckBBRdAv4xLXLdA5R1M1RU4sbPOZ2s2Li-cidG3fmvAkK1_cwp6r3uMyE4Tj4XTXUd-h9/s320/IMG-20121207-00519.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<br />Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00447141718562836818noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-510437789126964249.post-32323119052586904912012-12-04T20:24:00.001-08:002012-12-04T20:24:36.721-08:00Spesifikasi Spektrofotometer UVmini-1240 di Laboratorium Kimia Farmasi UII<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: #999999; line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 2;">
<b><span style="color: white; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hardware Specifications
UVmini-1240<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">UVmini-1240<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Spectrum bandwidth<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5nm<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Wavelength range<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">190.0~1100.0nm<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Display wavelength
Selectable wavelength<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">0.1nm step<br />
0.1nm step (1nm step in spectrum mode)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Wavelength accuracy<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">± 1.0nm<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Wavelength
repeatability<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">± 0.3nm<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Scan speed<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">wavelength change: approximately 3800nm/min. Scan:
approximately 24~1400nm/min<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Light source change<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Selectable from following 3 types;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Auto change with wavelength Selectable wavelength295nm~364nm :
1nm interval Recommended wavelength: 340nm<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Halogen lamp (WI) only<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Deuterium (D2) lamp only<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Stray light<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">less than 0.05%<br />
(220.0nm NaI, 340.0nm NaNO<sup>2</sup></span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">&
UV-39)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Measurement method<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Single beam measurement<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Photometric range<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Absorbance: -0.3~3.0 Abs<br />
Transmittance: 0.0~200%<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Recording range<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Absorbance: -3.99~3.99<br />
Abs Transmittance: -399~399%<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Photometric accuracy<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background: #EBEBEB; border-top: none; border: solid #CCCCCC 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; padding: 3.75pt 7.5pt 3.75pt 7.5pt;" valign="top">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Photometric
repeatability<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: solid #CCCCCC 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #CCCCCC 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; padding: 3.75pt 7.5pt 3.75pt 7.5pt;" valign="top">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">± 0.002 Abs (at 1.0 Abs)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background: #EBEBEB; border-top: none; border: solid #CCCCCC 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; padding: 3.75pt 7.5pt 3.75pt 7.5pt;" valign="top">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Baseline stability<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: solid #CCCCCC 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #CCCCCC 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; padding: 3.75pt 7.5pt 3.75pt 7.5pt;" valign="top">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">less than ± 0.001 Abs/h (after 2 hr warm-up)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background: #EBEBEB; border-top: none; border: solid #CCCCCC 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; padding: 3.75pt 7.5pt 3.75pt 7.5pt;" valign="top">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Baseline flatness<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: solid #CCCCCC 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #CCCCCC 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; padding: 3.75pt 7.5pt 3.75pt 7.5pt;" valign="top">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">less than ± 0.010 Abs<br />
(after 1 hr warm-up, at 1100~200nm)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background: #EBEBEB; border-top: none; border: solid #CCCCCC 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; padding: 3.75pt 7.5pt 3.75pt 7.5pt;" valign="top">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Noise level<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: solid #CCCCCC 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #CCCCCC 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; padding: 3.75pt 7.5pt 3.75pt 7.5pt;" valign="top">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">less than 0.002 Abs, Peak to Peak<br />
less than 0.0005 Abs, RMS<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background: #EBEBEB; border-top: none; border: solid #CCCCCC 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; padding: 3.75pt 7.5pt 3.75pt 7.5pt;" valign="top">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Baseline correction<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: solid #CCCCCC 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #CCCCCC 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; padding: 3.75pt 7.5pt 3.75pt 7.5pt;" valign="top">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Auto correction with the computer memory<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background: #EBEBEB; border-top: none; border: solid #CCCCCC 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; padding: 3.75pt 7.5pt 3.75pt 7.5pt;" valign="top">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Light source<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: solid #CCCCCC 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #CCCCCC 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; padding: 3.75pt 7.5pt 3.75pt 7.5pt;" valign="top">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">20W Halogen lamp (long-life 2000 hours)<br />
Deuterium lamp (socket type)<br />
Auto adjustment for maximum sensitivity<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background: #EBEBEB; border-top: none; border: solid #CCCCCC 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; padding: 3.75pt 7.5pt 3.75pt 7.5pt;" valign="top">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Monochromator<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: solid #CCCCCC 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #CCCCCC 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; padding: 3.75pt 7.5pt 3.75pt 7.5pt;" valign="top">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Incorporates aberration-correcting concave blazed holographic
grating<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background: #EBEBEB; border-top: none; border: solid #CCCCCC 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; padding: 3.75pt 7.5pt 3.75pt 7.5pt;" valign="top">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Detector<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: solid #CCCCCC 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #CCCCCC 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; padding: 3.75pt 7.5pt 3.75pt 7.5pt;" valign="top">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Silicon photodiode<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background: #EBEBEB; border-top: none; border: solid #CCCCCC 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; padding: 3.75pt 7.5pt 3.75pt 7.5pt;" valign="top">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sample compartment<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: solid #CCCCCC 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #CCCCCC 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; padding: 3.75pt 7.5pt 3.75pt 7.5pt;" valign="top">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Interior dimensions W110.0 X D230.0 X H105.0mm<br />
(partial depth: 155.0mm)<br />
2 screw port for option accessory installation<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background: #EBEBEB; border-top: none; border: solid #CCCCCC 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; padding: 3.75pt 7.5pt 3.75pt 7.5pt;" valign="top">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Display<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: solid #CCCCCC 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #CCCCCC 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; padding: 3.75pt 7.5pt 3.75pt 7.5pt;" valign="top">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">6 inch LCD (320 X 240 dot) with CFD lighting with contrast
adjustment<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background: #EBEBEB; border-top: none; border: solid #CCCCCC 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; padding: 3.75pt 7.5pt 3.75pt 7.5pt;" valign="top">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Power supply<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: solid #CCCCCC 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #CCCCCC 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; padding: 3.75pt 7.5pt 3.75pt 7.5pt;" valign="top">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">100~120V 50/60Hz 160VA<br />
220~240V 50/60Hz 160VA<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background: #EBEBEB; border-top: none; border: solid #CCCCCC 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; padding: 3.75pt 7.5pt 3.75pt 7.5pt;" valign="top">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dimensions<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: solid #CCCCCC 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #CCCCCC 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; padding: 3.75pt 7.5pt 3.75pt 7.5pt;" valign="top">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">W416 X D379 X H274mm<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background: #EBEBEB; border-top: none; border: solid #CCCCCC 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; padding: 3.75pt 7.5pt 3.75pt 7.5pt;" valign="top">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Weight<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: solid #CCCCCC 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #CCCCCC 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; padding: 3.75pt 7.5pt 3.75pt 7.5pt;" valign="top">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">11kg<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background: #EBEBEB; border-top: none; border: solid #CCCCCC 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; padding: 3.75pt 7.5pt 3.75pt 7.5pt;" valign="top">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ambient temperature<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: solid #CCCCCC 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #CCCCCC 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; padding: 3.75pt 7.5pt 3.75pt 7.5pt;" valign="top">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">15~35°C<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background: #EBEBEB; border-top: none; border: solid #CCCCCC 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; padding: 3.75pt 7.5pt 3.75pt 7.5pt;" valign="top">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ambient humidity<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: solid #CCCCCC 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #CCCCCC 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; padding: 3.75pt 7.5pt 3.75pt 7.5pt;" valign="top">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5~80%, less than 70% if over 30°C<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: #999999; line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 2;">
<b><span style="color: white; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Software Specification<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 3;">
<b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Photometric<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 30.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Fixed wavelength measurement; T%, ABS<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 30.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Quantitation with K-factor method<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Save/Load of the result data table<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Auto printout of measured data, Auto transfer via serial port<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Optional cell positioners for continuous measurement of samples<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Spectrum<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Spectrum measurement<br />
- Measuring mode: ABS, T%, E<br />
- Scan Speed: Very fast, Fast, Medium, Slow, Very slow<br />
- Scan times: 1~99<br />
- Spectrum display: Selectable overlay or sequential<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Data processing of spectrum data<br />
- Detection of peak and valley (both up to 20)<br />
- Zoom in and zoom out (only vertical axis can zoom out)<br />
- Data read out with cursor keys<br />
- Data save/load (Standard: 6, Data pack: 21)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Spectrum printout (A5 size, with ESC/P type printer<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Quantitation<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1 wavelength, 2 or 3 wavelength quantitation<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Calibration curve<br />
K factor method with auto concentration calculation One point calibration curve
with auto concentration calculation Multi-point calibration curve<br />
- Number of standards (2~10)<br />
- Calibration curve: 1~3 order calibration curve<br />
- Selection to pass or not pass on original point<br />
- Spectrum display: Selectable overlay or sequential<br />
Repeat measurement of standards (1-10 times) and creation of the calibration
curve with the mean values of measurement data Display of the calibration curve
Display of the correlation factor of the calibration curve<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Repetition (1~10 times) and the quantitation with the mean value<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Save/load of the measured data table<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Auto printout of the measured data, Auto transfer via serial
port<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Optional cell positioners for continuous measurement of samples<o:p></o:p></span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00447141718562836818noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-510437789126964249.post-36305055356441581602012-12-03T18:07:00.001-08:002012-12-03T18:07:22.270-08:00Spesifikasi Spektrofotometer UV-1800 Shimadzu di Laboratorium Kimia Farmasi UII<br />
<div align="center" style="text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Specifications</span></b><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">
Spectrophotometer UV-1800 Shimadzu</span></b></div>
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<td style="background: #EBEBEB; padding: 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt; width: 142.5pt;" width="190">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Wavelength range<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="background: white; padding: 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt;">
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">190 to 1100nm<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
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<td style="background: #EBEBEB; padding: 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt; width: 142.5pt;" width="190">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Spectral bandwidth<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1nm (190 to 1100nm)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Wavelength display<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; padding: 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt;">
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">0.1-nm increments<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
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<td style="background: #EBEBEB; padding: 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt; width: 142.5pt;" width="190">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Wavelength setting<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; padding: 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">0.1-nm increments (1-nm increments
when setting scanning range )<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
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<td style="background: #EBEBEB; padding: 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt; width: 142.5pt;" width="190">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Wavelength accuracy<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">±0.1nm @ 656.1nm D2<br />
±0.3nm (190 to 1100nm)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Wavelength repeatability<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; padding: 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt;">
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">±0.1nm<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td rowspan="2" style="background: #EBEBEB; padding: 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Stray light<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; padding: 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">less than 0.02% NaI @ 220nm, NaNO2
@ 340nm <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
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<td style="background: white; padding: 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">less than 1.0% KCl @ 198nm<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
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<td style="background: #EBEBEB; padding: 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt; width: 142.5pt;" width="190">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Photometric system<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; padding: 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Double Beam<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
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<td style="background: #EBEBEB; padding: 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt; width: 142.5pt;" width="190">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Photometric range<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; padding: 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Absorbance: -4to4 Abs<br />
Transmittance: 0% to 400% <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Photometric accuarcy<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; padding: 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">±0.002 Abs (0.5Abs)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background: white; padding: 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">±0.004 Abs (1.0Abs)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background: white; padding: 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">±0.006 Abs (2.0Abs)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="3" style="background: #EBEBEB; padding: 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Photometric repeatability<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; padding: 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">less than ±0.001 Abs (0.5Abs)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background: white; padding: 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">less than ±0.001 Abs (1Abs)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background: white; padding: 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">less than ±0.003 Abs (2.0Abs)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background: #EBEBEB; padding: 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt; width: 142.5pt;" width="190">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Baseline stability<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; padding: 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">less than 0.0003 Abs/H @700nm <br />
(one hour after light source turned ON) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background: #EBEBEB; padding: 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt; width: 142.5pt;" width="190">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Baseline flatness<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; padding: 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">within ±0.0006 Abs <br />
(190 to 1100nm,one hour after light source turned ON) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background: #EBEBEB; padding: 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt; width: 142.5pt;" width="190">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Noise level<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; padding: 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">within 0.00005 Abs RMS value
(@700nm)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background: #EBEBEB; padding: 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt; width: 142.5pt;" width="190">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dimensions (W×D×H)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; padding: 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">450(W) x 490(D) x 270(H) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background: #EBEBEB; padding: 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt; width: 142.5pt;" width="190">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Weight<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; padding: 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">15kg<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background: #EBEBEB; padding: 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt; width: 142.5pt;" width="190">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Printers<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; padding: 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">DPU, ESC/P, PCL printers, USB I/F
Windows-compliant printers are available with USB memory and PC software <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background: #EBEBEB; padding: 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt; width: 142.5pt;" width="190">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Memory<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; padding: 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">USB memory (option) Saved as text
and UVPC file<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background: #EBEBEB; padding: 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt; width: 142.5pt;" width="190">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Performance for PC<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; padding: 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">USB memory + UVProbe (standard)
Win XP<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00447141718562836818noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-510437789126964249.post-29408013764612702662012-12-02T23:57:00.001-08:002012-12-02T23:57:27.204-08:00Analisis caffein di Laboratorium Kimia Farmasi UII Yogyakarta<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b>UJI KADAR KAFEIN DALAM MINUMAN TAK BERALKOHOL <o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>A.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></b><!--[endif]--><b>Bahan Kerja :<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Larutan Pereduksi : Larutkan 5 gr Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>3
</sub>dan 5 gr KCNS kedalam 100 ml Aquades.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Larutan AsamFosfat Encer : Encerkan 15 ml H3PO4
p.a ke dalam 85 ml aquades.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->3.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Larutan Natrium hidroksida : Larutkan 25 gr NaOH
p.a kedalam 75 ml aquades.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->4.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Larutan standar kafein 1 mg/ml : Larutkan 25 mg
kafein murni dalam CHCl3 dan encerkan sampai 25 ml dengan CHCl3.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->5.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Larutan KMnO4 1,5 % : larutkan 1,5 gr KMnO4 p.a
kedalam 98,5 ml aquades.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->6.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Kloroform pa</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>B.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></b><!--[endif]--><b>Peralatan :<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Neraca analitik</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Spektrofotometer</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->3.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Corong pisah 125 ml (2)</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->4.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Corong gelas (2)</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->5.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Pipet Vol 10 ml (1)</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->6.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Labu takar 100 ml (1)</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->7.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Labu takar 25 ml (2)</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->8.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Labu takar 10 ml (6)</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->9.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Pipet ukur 1 ml, 2 ml, 5 ml masing masing 1</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->10.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Pipet vol
1 ml, 2 ml, 5 ml masing masing 1</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->11.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Gelas piala 250 ml (2)</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->12.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Kertas saring</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->13.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Statip dan penyangga corong pisah</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>C.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></b><!--[endif]--><b>Pembuat Larutan Baku<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Timbang seksama 25 mg kafein murni dalam gelas
piala 50 ml kemudian tambah dengan 15 ml CHCl3 pa kemudian aduk sampai larut,
kemudian larutan di masukan ke dalam labu takar 25 ml dan di encerkan dengan
CHCl3 sampai tanda garis.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Buatlah 25 ml larutan kafein 100 ppm dengan
mengencerkan larutan hasil no 1.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->3.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Buatlah masing masing 10 ml larutan Kafein
dengan konsentrasi ; 1 ppm, 2,5 ppm, 5 ppm, 10 ppm, 15 ppm dan 20 ppm.(seri
kadar baku Kafein di usahakan mempunyai absorbansi 0,2 sampai 0,8 dengan cara
estimasi seri kadar )</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->4.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Ukur absorbansi seri kadar larutan Kafein yang
telah di buat pada panjang gelombang maksimum ( 276 nm ) terhadap CHCl3.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>D.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></b><!--[endif]--><b>Prosedur Preparasi Sampel<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Pipet 10 ml larutan contoh ke dalam corong pisah
125 ml. Tambahkan 5 ml larutan KMnO4 1,5 % lalu kocok selama 5 menit.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Tambahkan 10 ml larutan pereduksi, kocok,
tambahkan 1 ml larutan H3PO4 encer, kocok, tambahkan 1ml larutan NaOH 25 %,
kocok. Ekstrak dengan menambahkan 50 ml
CHCl3, kocok selama 1 menit, Diamkan selama beberapa menit sampai terlihat
jelas batas pisah kedua cairan.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->3.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Alirkan cairan yang berada dibawah yaitu CHCl3
melalui corong gelas yang telah diberi kertas saring kedalam labu ukur 100 ml.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->4.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Ekstraksi diulangi dengan menambahkan 40 ml
CHCl3 dan dilanjutkan seperti diatas (6 c)</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->5.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Corong pisah dan kertas saring dibilas dengan 3
ml CHCl3 sebanyak dua kali.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->6.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Encerkan cairan ekstrak tadi dengan CHCl3 sampai
batas garis 100 ml.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->7.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Ukur absorbansi larutan hasil ekstraksi dengan
spektrofotometer pada panjang gelombang maksimum ( 276 nm) terhadap CHCl3. </div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<b><i>Referensi
AOAC. Official Method 962.13-199, Cafein in Non Alcoholic Beverages <o:p></o:p></i></b></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00447141718562836818noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-510437789126964249.post-67495488390326930112012-11-29T17:12:00.000-08:002012-11-29T17:12:24.354-08:00Tata Tertip Praktikum Kimia Organik 2012, Farmasi UII<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Candara","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">TATA
TERTIB PRAKTIKUM</span></b><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Candara","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Candara","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">KIMIA ORGANIK 2012<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 18.7pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Candara","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Candara; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Candara;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Candara","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Praktikan
harus mengikuti materi asistensi sesuai dengan jadual yang telah ditentukan.
Asistensi merupakan bagian yang tidak terpisahkan dari praktikum.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 18.7pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Candara","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Candara; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Candara;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Candara","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Praktikan
yang terlambat >0 menit tidak diperkenankan mengikuti praktikum.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 18.7pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Candara","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Candara; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Candara;">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Candara","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Praktikan
harus mengikuti pretest sebagai syarat mengikuti praktikum. Praktikan mengikuti
pretest sesuai dengan aturan masing-masing praktikum yang diikuti.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 18.7pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Candara","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Candara; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Candara;">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><u><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Candara","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Inhal praktikum</span></u></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Candara","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">. Inhal diberlakukan apabila:<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Candara","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Candara; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Candara;">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><u><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Candara","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Praktikan
yang bersangkutan sakit (dibuktikan dengan surat keterangan sakit dokter).</span></u><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Candara","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Candara","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Candara; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Candara;">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><u><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Candara","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Urusan
keluarga (keluarga inti meninggal, yang bersangkutan menikah, naik haji, atau
melahirkan) yang dibuktikan dengan surat keterangan yang dapat dipertanggungjawabkan.</span></u><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Candara","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Candara","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Candara; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Candara;">c.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><u><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Candara","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Praktikan
yang tidak lulus pretest. Mahasiswa yang inhal praktikum karena tidak lulus
pretest.</span></u><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Candara","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Candara","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Candara; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Candara;">5.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Candara","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Praktikan
yang inhal praktikum wajib mengganti mata praktikum yang tidak diikuti dan
wajib melapor kepada Koordinator Praktikum pada hari itu juga.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Candara","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Candara; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Candara;">6.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Candara","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Selama
kegiatan praktikum, praktikan <b>wajib</b>:<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Candara","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Candara; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Candara;">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Candara","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Menghormati
Koordinator Praktikum, laboran, dan asiaten yang bertugas.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Candara","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Candara; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Candara;">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Candara","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Mematuhi
tata tertib dan aturan tata tertib perkuliahan dengan baik.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Candara","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Candara; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Candara;">c.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Candara","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Bersikap
sungguh-sungguh mengikuti praktikum, tidak bercanda, dan bersenda gurau selama
praktikum.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Candara","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Candara; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Candara;">d.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Candara","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Menjaga
kebersihan alat-alat dan fasilitas laboratorium. Praktikan wajib mengembalikan
alat yang digunakan selama praktikum dalam keadaan lengkap, bersih, dan kering.
Praktikan yang merusakkan alat <b>wajib</b>
mengganti dengan jenis dan kualitas yang sama.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 22.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Candara","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Candara; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Candara;">7.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Candara","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Praktikan
mengulang praktikum:<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Candara","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Candara; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Candara;">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Candara","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Praktikan
yang mengulang praktikum diharuskan mengambil mata praktikum yang belum pernah
diikuti. Kalau mata praktikum tersebut adalah mata praktikum baru, maka
mahasiswa tersebut wajib mengambil mata praktikum baru tersebut.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Candara","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Candara; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Candara;">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Candara","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Apabila
praktikan mengulang sudah mengikuti semua praktikum, diperbolehkan hanya
mengikuti responsi saja, dan wajib melapor kepada Koordinator Praktikum pada
awal dimulainya praktikum.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Candara","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Candara; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Candara;">c.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Candara","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Wajib
menaati peraturan dan tata tertib praktikum, seperti tetap mengikuti asistensi
dan mengikuti aturan inhal yang telah ditentukan.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 22.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Candara","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Candara; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Candara;">8.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Candara","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Praktikan
wajib membuat laporan sementara dan laporan resmi sesuai dengan aturan yang
telah ditentukan.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 22.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Candara","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Candara; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Candara;">9.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Candara","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Praktikan
wajib mengikuti responsi praktikum dan wajib memenuhi persyaratan untuk
mengikuti responsi praktikum yang telah ditetapkan. <b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 22.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Candara","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Candara; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Candara;">10.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Candara","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Praktikan
yang tidak mengikuti praktikum 2 kali berturut-turut tanpa alasan yang jelas
dianggap mengundurkan diri.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 22.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Candara","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Candara; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Candara;">11.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Candara","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Hal-hal
yang belum ditetapkan akan diatur lebih lanjut.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Candara","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Candara","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">
Yogyakarta, Agustus 2012 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<u><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Candara","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Koordinator Laboratorium Farmasi</span></u><u><span style="font-family: "Candara","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<u><span style="font-family: "Candara","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Fithria Dyah Ayu Suryanegara, M.Sc.,
Apt<o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00447141718562836818noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-510437789126964249.post-12406447385679872272012-11-29T00:29:00.002-08:002012-11-29T00:29:51.693-08:00Penetapan Kadar Ammonium Klorida di Laboratorium Kimia-Farmasi UII Yogyakarta<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="IN">PENETAPAN KADAR AMMONIUM KLORIDA DENGAN
ARGENTOMETRI<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN">1.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN">Timbang
seksama 200 mg NH4Cl dilarutkan dalam 35 ml air.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN">2.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN">Tambahkan
berturut-turut 15 ml Asam Nitrat encer P, 5 ml nitrobenzen P dan 50 ml Perak
nitrat 0,1 N, kocok kuat-kuat selama 1 menit.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN">3.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN">Titrasi
dengan Ammonium tiosianat 0,1 N menggunakan indikator 5 ml larutan Besi(III)
amonium sulfat P hingga warna coklat kemerahan yang terjadi setelah dikocok
tidak hilang dalam waktu 5 menit.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="IN">1ml perak nitrat
0,1 N setara dengan 5,349 mg NH4Cl.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN">Pembuatan
Pereaksi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN">1.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN">Asam
nitrat encer P : campur 106 ml asam nitrat P(69,0-71,0%) dengan air secukupnya
hingga Volume 1000 ml. ( lebih kurang menjadi 10%HNO3).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN">2.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN">Nitrobenzen
P : C6H5NO2 Bj 1,203<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN">3.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN">Perak
nitrat 0,1 N: 8,5 gr AgNO3 yang telah di Oven 1 jam diaddkan 500 ml.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN">4.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN">Amonium
tiosianat 0,1 N : Tiap 1000 ml mengandung 7,612 gr NH4CNS, Cara pembuatan 8gr
Ammonium tiosianat P dilarutkan dalam air secukupnya hingga 1000 ml, Pembakuan
: masukan 30,0 ml perak nitrat 0,1 N kedalam
labu bersumbat kaca, encerkan dengan 50 ml aquades, tambahkan 2 ml asam nitrat
encer P, Titrasi dengan larutanlarutan ammonium tiosulfat menggunakan 5 ml
indikator besi (III) ammonium sulfat P hingga tepat mulai terjadi warna coklat
merah. Hitung normalitas larutan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN">5.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN">Besi
(III) ammonium sulfat P, Larutan Besi (III) ammonium sulfat 8% b/v.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto;">
]</div>
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Sumber
Farmakope Indonesia</span>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00447141718562836818noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-510437789126964249.post-18037839890154680482012-11-28T23:54:00.000-08:002012-11-28T23:54:07.238-08:00Pengujian Amoksisilin di Labopratorium Kimia Farmasi UII<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Penetapan Kadar Amoksisilin dalam
tablet Amoksisilin Dengan Spektrofotometer UV<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-text-indent-alt: -.25in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span>I.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Pembuatan larutan Baku dan Penentuan Panjang
gelombang Maksimal.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->a.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Ditimbang secara seksama 100 mg Amoksisilin
trihidrat murni, kemudian dimasukan ke dalam labu takar 100 ml.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->b.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Ditambah 50 ml buffer Sitro phosphate pH
7,2,sonifikasi selama 10 menit kemudian larutan dikocok selama 15 menit.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->c.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Ditambah buffer sitrophosphat pH 7,4 hingga
Volume mencapai 100 ml.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->d.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Disaring dan didilusikan dengan buffer sitro
phosphate pH 7,2 sehingga larutan baku memiliki absorbansi 0,2-0,8(kadar baku
2,5-50 ug/ml ) amoksisilin trihidrat baku.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->e.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Panjang gelombang maksimal dan diukur dengan
menggunakan Spektrofotometer UV- Shimadzu 1800.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-text-indent-alt: -.25in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span>II.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Pembuatan dan analisis larutan Uji</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->a.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Sepuluh tablet tunggal amoksisilin ditimbang
satu persatu, hitung berat rata-rata per Tabletnya.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->b.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Kesepuluh tablet dihaluskan dengan mortar dan
stampler.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->c.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Ditimbang secara seksama 100 mg Amoksisilin
serbuk dari hasil no 1, kemudian dimasukan ke dalam labu takar 100 ml.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->d.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Di saring dan didiusikan dengan buffer sitro phosphate
pH 7,2</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->e.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Setelah itu tambahkan buffer sitro phosphate sampai
volume 100 ml sehingga terbentuk larutan uji 1 mg/ml atau setara dengan1000
ug/ml.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->f.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]--> Absorbansi diukur dengan spektro Uv-Vis
Shimadzu 1800 pada panjang gelombang maximal (231)</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->g.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Plotkan Absorbansi sampel uji ke persamaan regresi linear.</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00447141718562836818noreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-510437789126964249.post-75457351193912115482012-11-28T23:49:00.000-08:002012-11-28T23:49:14.633-08:00Penetapan Kadar Asam asetat glasial di Laboratorium Kimia-Farmasi UI<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="IN">PENETAPAN KADAR ASAM ASETAT GLASSIAL DENGAN
ALKALIMETRI<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="IN">Pembuatan NaOH 0,1 N :<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
<span lang="IN">Timbang seksama 0,801 gr NaOH pa dilarutkan dengan Aquades bebas CO<sub>2</sub>
secukupnya hingga Volume200 ml.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="IN">Pembakuan NaOH 1 N :<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
<span lang="IN">Timbang seksama 0,5000 gr Kalium biftalat pa kering, larutkan dengan 75 ml
aquades bebas CO<sub>2</sub>, dititrasi dengan larutan natrium hidroksida
menggunakan 3 tetes indikator Fenolftalein hingga warna merah jambu mantap.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
<b><i><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">1ml NaOH 0,1 N setara dengan 20,42 mg
Kalium biftalat<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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</w:anchorlock></w:wrap></v:line></v:line></v:line></v:line></v:line></v:line></v:line></v:line></v:line></v:line></v:line></v:line></v:line></v:line></v:line></v:line></v:line></o:lock></v:group></span><!--[if mso & !supportInlineShapes & supportFields]><span
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+H<sub>2</sub>O<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
<b><i><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Bm Kalium biftalat = 204,22<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
<span lang="IN">Hitung Normalitas Larutan baku NaOH yang dibuat<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="IN">Penetapan Kadar Asam asetat glassial<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN">1.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN">Pipet
dengan teliti 2 ml Asam asetat glassial kemudian diencerkan 50X.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN">2.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN">Pipet
10 ml larutan hasil no 1 masukan ke erlenmeyer 100 ml kemudian dititrasi dengan
Larutan NaOH yang sudah dibakukan menggunakan 3 tetes indikator Fenolftalein.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><i><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">1 ml NaOH 0,1 N setara dengan 6,005 mg
CH<sub>3</sub>COOH<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
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<span lang="IN">CH<sub>3</sub>COOH + NaOH ----------> CH<sub>3</sub>COONa + H<sub>2</sub>O<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><i><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Bm Asam asetat =60,05<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast">
<span lang="IN">Hitung % b/v CH<sub>3</sub>COOH dalam asam asetat
glassial.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00447141718562836818noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-510437789126964249.post-56520043639609324182012-06-01T07:20:00.001-07:002012-06-01T07:20:18.660-07:00Waters HPLC TechnologiLaboratorium Kimia Farmasi was calibrate by waters technician, We are very proud with waters technology, waters have the best technology in liquid Chromatography.<br />
I love you waters, thankyou for suport us.<br />
Universitas Islam Indonesia belive in waters equipments, we trust you<br />
<br />Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00447141718562836818noreply@blogger.com0